philosopher I wasn't referring to the Enlightenment. In fact, the Existentialism at the base of the pope's formation was itself a reaction against the Enlightenment. More specifically, against the Rationalism that had influenced (or infected) Neo Scholasticism.

I was actually referring to centuries before the Enlightenment--the 12th to be specific.

@Dr Bobus True, we see the rejection of metaphysics beginning with Ockham's nominalism and its subsequent fragmentation of scholastic philosophy. The Radical Orthodoxy theologians such as John Milbank, identify Dun Scotus as the culprit who started the philosophical and civilizational slide toward modernism, but I think he misreads and hence distorts his understanding of his scholasticism, which is actually a more intense Aristotelianism than even Aquinas. The unscholastic relativism of Ockham is the actual prime-mover of all modern philosophies running through Luther, Descartes, Bacon, Rousseau, Hobbs, Locke, Hume, Kant, and the existentialists to Derrida and the postmoderns.

We need a robust and un apologetic return to scholasticism, especially in the Church. All modern philosophies are routes traveling from nowhere and arriving at nothing.

Both Ockham and Scotus were born after the 12th century. I was referring to the misunderstanding of the structure of the human act found in Amoris Laetitia.

To a great extent the thought of Scotus, distilled by the Jesuits, dominated the Counter Reformation Church.

@Dr Bobus Thanks for the clarification. I overlooked Peter Abelard in the 12th century, who posited his own form of nominalism and subjective ethics. I can see the connection with Pope Francis and AL. Abelard argued that no matter the human act if the persons intention was pure then they did not sin. He defended his sordid affair with the 16-year-old Heloise who later became an Abbess (Abelard was around 30 at the time and her tutor) by stating that a woman who commits fornication with a man out of love has not sinned. Its the same kind of logic we see with Frances.