Covid: What are the lockdown rules in place across Europe?

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Measures to deal with coronavirus outbreaks are in place across Europe.
Many involve the reintroduction of restrictions which had been eased after initial lockdowns.
France: Second national lockdown
France entered a new national lockdown on Friday 30 October.
People are allowed to leave their home only to go to work (if they cannot work from home), to buy essential goods, seek medical help or to exercise for one hour a day.
Everyone found outside has to carry a written statement justifying their journey, as happened in the first lockdown in March.
All non-essential shops, restaurants and bars are shut, but schools and creches will remain open.
Social gatherings are banned.
The rules will be in place until at least 1 December.
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image captionParis bars have been closed since mid-October
Germany: Partial lockdown in November
From 2 November, new restrictions across the country will include closures of cinemas, theatres, gyms, pools and …